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Paul Berger, professor of electrical and computer engineering and professor of physics at Ohio State University, and his colleagues report their findings in an upcoming issue of IEEE Electron Device Letters.
The team fabricated a device called a tunneling diode using the most common chip making technique, called aOlernKienOP
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"We wanted to do this using only the tools found in the typical chip makers toolbox," Berger said. "Here we have a technique that manufacturers could potentially use to fabricate quantum devices directly on a silicon chip, side by side with their regular circuits and switches."
The quantum device in question is a resonant interband tunneling diode (RITD) a device that enables large amounts of current to be regulated through a circuit, but at very low voltages. That means that such devices run on very little power.
RITDs have been difficult to manufacture because they contain dopants chemical elements that don’t easily fit within a silicon crystal.
Atoms of the RITD dopants antimony or phosphorus, for example, are large compared to atoms of silicon. Because they don’t fit into the natural openings inside a silicon crystal, the dopants tend to collect on the surface of a chip.
"It’s like when you’re playing Tetris and you have a big aOlernKienOP
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"One key is hydrogen," he said. "It binds to the silicon surface and keeps the dopants from clumping. So you don’t have to grow chips at 320 degrees Celsius [approximately 600 degrees Fahrenheit] like you do when using aOlernKienOP
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In theory, interband tunneling diodes could form very dense, very efficient micro circuits in computer chips. A large amount of data could be stored in a small area on a chip with very little energy required.
Researchers judge the usefulness of tunneling diodes by the abrupt change in the current densities they aOlernKienOP
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The RITDs that Berger’s team fabricated had a ratio of 1.85.
"We’re close, and I’m sure we can do better," he said.
He envisions his RITDs being used for ultra low power computer chips operating with small voltages and producing less wasted heat.
"Chip makers today are aOlernKienOP
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"That’s why moving to quantum devices will be a game changer."
RITDs could form high resolution detectors for imaging devices called focal plane arrays. These arrays operate at wavelengths beyond the human aOlernKienOP
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